.po 1i
.TH CC 1 Zilog
.V 08/15/84 16:39:20
.\" @[$]cc.1	1.31 08/15/84 16:39:20 - Zilog Inc.
.ad
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.SH NAME
cc \- System 8000 C compiler
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B cc
[
.I options
] 
.I file ...
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B Cc
is a non-segmented C "stage" compiler that produces Z8001 code.
A "stage" compiler produces
object code from source code in stages. These
can be strung together without interruption, providing a virtual continuity to
the compilation, 
or the compilation can be halted at the termination of any of the stages.
In the latter case,
the uninitiated stages can be executed later as stand-alone tasks
resulting in modules for input to the next stage 
(or resulting in the executable load module, if the last stage). 
.sp
The stages are the compilation, the assembly, and the linkage.
Consequently, 
depending on the options, a single 
.B cc
call can compile; compile and assemble; or compile, assemble, and link.
.PP
The
.B cc
compiler provides an unsigned 
char data type,
initialized bit fields, the ZEUS Version 7 features of C (structure 
assignments and enumeration types), and the new ZEUS System III additions
to the C language: 1) the "void" data type; 2) the unique identification of
names of structure and union members.
.SH COMPILE/ASSEMBLE/LINK
Each C source file ending in \&.c is compiled, producing a corresponding Z8000 
assembly-language
source file ending in \&.s. The
\&.s files are assembled by the Z8000 assembler \fBcas\fR(1), producing, for
each \&.s file, an un-linked object module ending in \&.o.
The \&.o files, along with any other C-compatible object
modules or libraries specified, are passed to the non-segmented linking-loader
\fBld\fR(1), which links them in the order given,
producing a single load module whose 
default name is a.out.
This streaming compilation, assembly, and linkage 
is the default. 
.SH COMPILE/ASSEMBLE
With a \fB-c\fR option, the stage transaction halts after the
\&.s Z8000 assembly-language source files produced by \fBcc\fR are assembled 
by \fBcas\fR, producing corresponding unlinked object modules whose names 
end in \&.o.
.SH COMPILE
With a \fB-S\fR option, the stage transaction halts after \fBcc\fR
produces a Z8000 assembly-language source file ending in \&.s for each C
source
file ending in \&.c. 
.SH OPTIONS
.PP
Specified options may be directed at the compiler or the
linking-loader (\fBcc\fR and \fBld\fR, respectively).
\fBCc\fR passes only one command option to \fBcas\fR: the \fB-o\fR and its
argument. It passes a \fB-u\fR option in an internal call.
.SH COMPILER-DIRECTED OPTIONS
.sp
.TP 8
.B \-c
Compile and assemble the named C source files but suppress the linking
step.
A \&.o object file is produced for each \&.c source file.
.TP
.BI -D name
.ti -8  
.BI -D name=def
.br
Define
.I name
to the preprocessor, as if by #define.
If no definition is given,
.I name
is defined as 1.
.TP
.B \-E
Run only the macro preprocessor
and send the result to the standard output.
.TP
.B \-F
Invoke the Faster Floating Point (FFP) Library Package, which is available
as an option.
.TP
.BI -I dir
Bring in a directory of #include files.
Names that do not begin with / are always
sought first in the same directory as the source file,
then in directories named in 
.B -I
options, then in directories belonging to a standard list.
.TP 8
.B \-Ol
Invoke the C global optimizer to apply loop optimization.
.TP
.B \-Or
Invoke the C global optimizer to apply loop optimization and register 
allocation.
.TP
.B \-O
Invoke the C peephole optimizer for Z8000 code.
.TP
.B \-p
Cause the compiler to produce code that counts
the number of times each routine is called;
also, if loading takes place, replace the standard
startup routine with one that automatically calls
.BR monitor (3)
at the start and causes a 
.I mon.out
file to be written at normal termination of object-execution.
An execution profile can then be generated 
by use of
.BR prof (1).
.TP
.B \-P
Run only the macro preprocessor and place the result for
each \&.c file in a corresponding \&.i file
with no # lines in it.
.TP
.B \-S [l]
Compile the named C source files but suppress the assembly and
link step.
Leave the assembly language code in corresponding \&.s files.
If 
.B l
(el) is specified, make the original C source lines appear
as comments preceding the assembly-language code produced for them.
.TP
.BI -U name
Remove any initial definition of 
.IR name .
.SH LOADER-DIRECTED OPTIONS
.TP 
.BI \-l libname    
Searches the library archive directory /lib for the library whose name
is \fBlib\fIlibname\fB.a\fR. For example, to search the math library
libm.a, the specification is 
.BR \-lm ;
to search libld.a, use
.BR -lld .
This option is specified during compilation 
(the last argument on the line) when the compilation,
assembly, and linkage is performed in a stream. If linkage is performed
separately from compilation, the \fB-l\fR option is specified at link-time
(see \fBld\fR(1)).  
.sp
Other options can be specified on the 
.B cc 
call and are passed to the linker
.BR ld .
See the description of 
.B ld
for a description of these options. 
.sp
Note also that an internal call to the linker
provides the options
.B \-X
and
.B \-e
with entry name \fBstart\fR, and adds the library name /lib/libc.a
to the end of the list of object module names. Consequently, these mandatory 
options are not specified at the command level.
.sp
.B Ld
recognizes the same set of options passed to it by the C compiler.
.SH EXAMPLES
.nf
.sp
                \fBcc math1.c math2.c math3.c -lm\fR
.sp
.fi
The above example compiles, assembles, and links three C source files, 
including the standard
non-segmented math library /lib/libm.a at linkage time. The load module
is a.out.
.sp
.nf
       \fBcc -c cee1.c cee2.c cee3.c -I/path/path/speclib\fR
.sp
.fi
The above example compiles and assembles, but does not link, the three
C source files, one or more of which define "include" statements referencing
a library located in /path/path/speclib. (Note: "speclib" is the directory
in which the "included" library can be found--not the library itself).
The unlinked modules produced
are cee1.o, cee2.o, and cee3.o.
.SH FILES
file.c		source file
.br
file.o		object file
.br
a.out		load module
.br
/tmp/cc.? 	temporaries
.br
/lib/cpp       preprocessor
.br
/lib/cparse	compiler pass1
.br
/lib/gopt      optional global optimizer
.br
/lib/codgen	compiler pass3
.br
/lib/popt      optional peephole optimizer
.br
/lib/clist	optional listing pass
.br
/lib/libc.a	standard library
.br
/lib/mcrt0.o	optional startup routine for profiling
.br
/lib/crt0.o    non-segmented C runtime startup routine
.SH SEE ALSO
.nf
cas(1), ld(1).
.sp
.I The C Programming Language -
  (B. W. Kernighan and D. M. Ritchie, Prentice-Hall, 1978)
.sp
\fIThe C Programming Language\fR in the ZEUS Languages/Programming
  Tools Manual.
.fi
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
The diagnostics produced by the compiler, 
assembler, or linker 
are self-explanatory.
.SH IMPLEMENTATION
.PP
The 
.B cc
compiler has the following characteristics:
.RS
.IP "\ \(bu"
As many as seven register declarations can be honored.
The Z8000 registers r8 through r14 can be used for register variables.
.IP "\ \(bu"
The 
.B cc
compiler produces object code that conforms to the System 8000 calling
conventions.
.IP "\ \(bu"
The name 'z8000' is predefined in the 
C preprocessor to be the constant 1.